Degenerative Problems
Osteoarthritis: A gradual wearing of the knee cartilage. It causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty with movements like walking or climbing stairs.
Chondromalacia Patella: Softening of the cartilage under the kneecap. It leads to pain during squatting, climbing stairs, or sitting for long periods.
Injuries
Ligament Injuries (ACL, PCL, MCL): Often caused by twisting, sudden stops, falls, or sports. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a feeling that the knee may “give way.”
Meniscus Tears: Tears in the shock-absorbing cartilage between the thigh and shin bone. Usually caused by twisting or sudden turning. Pain, swelling, and locking may occur.
Patellar Instability / Patellofemoral Problems: Occurs when the kneecap shifts out of place or does not track properly. Causes pain in the front of the knee, especially during climbing or prolonged sitting.
Inflammatory Conditions
Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons around the knee caused by overuse, repetitive activity, or sudden increases in training load.
Bursitis: Swelling of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the knee. Leads to pain and tenderness during movement or kneeling.
Trauma and Urgent Issues
Knee Fractures: Breaks in the bones around the knee due to falls or accidents. Severe pain and inability to bear weight are common symptoms.
Knee Dislocation: A serious injury where the knee joint shifts out of alignment. Requires urgent medical attention.
Knee Infections: Infections inside the joint cause intense pain, swelling, redness, and fever. Immediate treatment is necessary.
